The Great Fire of Hakodate (Japanese: 函館大火) is a fire that broke out in Hakodate, Hokkaido in Japan on 21 March 1934. It is considered one of the worst city fires in Japan's history.
On 21 March 1934, a fire was started in a house located within the Sumiyoshi area, Hakodate. Over two days, burning debris fanned by strong winds set fire to the surrounding areas; including a local court, department store, school, and hospital. According to official documents, 2,166 people lost their lives, with 9,485 injured; 145,500 people were made homeless and 11,055 buildings lost. The fire destroyed around two-thirds of all buildings in Hakodate. This event also led to many residents leaving and subsequently depopulating the city.
Why this event still matters
Historical incidents shape the rules that protect people today — building codes, evacuation policy, warning systems and inspection regimes almost always trace back to a specific disaster. Studying Great Fire of Hakodate alongside current events is how preparedness improves.
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